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401k/457 and direct contributions to a Roth IRA

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  • 401k/457 and direct contributions to a Roth IRA

    I apologize ahead of time for what is probably a very basic question, but one that I’m not 100% confident I’ve found the answer to. It may be a big headache if I get it wrong, so I wanted to be sure.

    I’ll be finishing fellowship and starting an attending job this year. I suspect my total income for 2019 will put me right at the cusp of eligibility for contributing directly to a Roth IRA (vs doing the backdoor). My question is this: when calculating my Modified Adjusted Gross Income to determine eligibility for a direct Roth contribution, is this number reduced by the amount that I contribute to pre-tax retirement plans? For example, if I make $220,000 in 2019, but contribute  $19,000 each to a 401k and a 457, does that put me at $182,000 and therefore eligible? (I am married).

    I know I could avoid this headache by just going through the backdoor if I am unsure, but I have already made some direct Roth contributions and would rather not go through the trouble of recharacterizing them first if I don’t have to.

    Thanks.

  • #2
    Hi, you are right -  Modified Adjusted Gross Income is used to determine if you're eligible to contribute to an IRA. The calculation starts with adjusted gross income and then adds back in a number of items such as IRA deductions.

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    • #3


      I know I could avoid this headache by just going through the backdoor if I am unsure, but I have already made some direct Roth contributions and would rather not go through the trouble of recharacterizing them first if I don’t have to.
      Click to expand...


      sounds like you are close enough that it might be worth it to recharacterize now and then fund the IRA in full, then convert again.

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      • #4


        My question is this: when calculating my Modified Adjusted Gross Income to determine eligibility for a direct Roth contribution, is this number reduced by the amount that I contribute to pre-tax retirement plans?
        Click to expand...


        No, it is not.

        MAGI is your AGI with the following added back to it:

        • Student loan interest

        • One-half of self-employment tax

        • Qualified tuition expenses

        • Tuition and fees deduction

        • Passive loss or passive income

        • IRA contributions, taxable social security payments

        • The exclusion for income from U.S. savings bonds

        • The exclusion under 137 for adoption expenses

        • Rental losses

        • Any overall loss from a publicly traded partnership

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