Actively managed funds versus index funds studies

[JWeb]

Does anyone have a couple links to the best (most academic, least bias) studies showing that almost all actively managed do not beat their index fund counterpart?  I need it to convince a friend.  (I have these below). Thanks

http://news.morningstar.com/articlenet/article.aspx?id=347327

https://www.whitecoatinvestor.com/people-still-believe-in-active-management/

http://freakonomics.com/podcast/stupidest-money/

[StarTrekDoc]

Whole site devoted for him to browse and review for his own edification:   www.bogleheads.com 

[djohnflatfeecfp]

http://corporate.morningstar.com/US/documents/ResearchPapers/MorningstarActive-PassiveBarometerJune2015.pdf

 

http://beta.morningstar.com/articles/752485/fund-fees-predict-future-success-or-failure.html

 

A couple of reports from Morningstar.  Key finding is higher fees has a high correlation to fund underperformance or failure to the point they close the fund.

 

[nachos31]

How about the SPIVA data: us.spindices.com/spiva/#/